logo

Copyright
©Denis Lenardic
2001-2010
All Rights Reserved


Thursday
2nd Sep, 2010
21:45

This page was last time updated on
28th Jun, 2009

 

BOOKSTORE   gb  de

Books
Periodicals
Reports
Proceedings
Standards

TERMINOLOGY

Glossary
Units and Symbols

BASICS

History
Introduction
Technologies
Solar cells

ECONOMICS

Economics
Environment

SITE ANALYSIS

Site analysis
Shading analysis
Software

BoS

Modules
Inverters
Charge controllers
Instrumentation
Connectors/Cables

SYSTEMS

Hybrid systems
Trackers/Concentrators
Monitoring

APPLICATIONS

Power plants
BIPV
Transparent modules
Noise barriers
Art & Design
Disaster relief

MORE

Links
Galleries

ABOUT PAGES

Pages
Disclaimer
Home

PV PLANTS
WORLDWIDE

Largest 50
Ranking 51-100
Ranking 101-150
Ranking 151-200
Ranking 201-250
Ranking 251-300
Ranking 301-350
Ranking 351-400
Ranking 401-450
Ranking 451-500
Ranking 501-550
Ranking 551-600

Photovoltaic instrumentation

"If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it."
(Lord Kelvin)

Home made VA-meter for 12 and 24 V DC systems Home made VA-meter for 12 and 24 V DC systems

Low cost VA meter for low voltage DC systems can be build by advanced hobbysts
(Photo: Denis Lenardic)

Useful additional PV system components are different measurement instruments, such as V-meters, A-meters, Ah- or kWh-meters. They could be produced as modules (V-, A- meters) or as standalone instruments. The instruments for mounting standard 35 mm rail are also available. Ah-counters could be used for battery monitoring. This instrument helps us estimate how much battery capacity could still be employed. Application of kWh-counters in grid connected systems calculate how much electricity was produced by the photovoltaic system and transferred to the public grid, and how much electricity was transferred from the public grid to households.

 

Meters in photovoltaic systems

A general recommendation for PV instrumentation design and application include:

A careful A-meter design is required for use in PV systems. In PV systems large currents can occur, therefore, only suitable shunts should be used.
Even if a proper shunt is applied, you should consider a cooling necessity.
Always apply a suitable circuit breaker.
Always apply a proper cable. Thin cable can cause unexpected loss or fire in case of large currents.
Never use cheap panel meters or other equipment, which is not intended for application in DC/photovoltaic systems.

How to build digital A-meter – some instructions

A simple digital A-meter can be build by an advanced hobbyist. I have provided some general information and design rules. Most of DVA meters are based on ICL7106 or its low power derivates or successors. This is most commonly applied cirquit for DVM applications. However, there are some disadvantages to this circuit for application in PV systems. Separate GND and IN-LO signals are required. In most cases you cannot simply connect IN-LO and GND pin. Some precautions should be taken and some special design techniques should be applied. For details please see the links below. You can use any other similar ADC, but MAX131/MAX138 are preferred due to some advantages, such as low power consumption and included internal band-gap reference. The circuit could be used for:

Photovoltaic systems monitoring
Solar-powered instrumentation
Battery-powered instrumentation
Marine instrumentation
Power supplies monitoring
Energy management systems
Portable instrumentation

The advantages of the circuit are:

Wide supply voltage range from 3V to 30V; for low voltage power supply low voltage OpAmps should be used, very low power supply current <1mA, wide current sense range depending on a current shunt used, with ICL7660 as voltage converter, single supply is adequate

Similarly a digital V-meter can be constructed.

Meters for use in photovoltaic systems - commercial links

 

Languages: gb Webmaster's choice
Webmaster's choice - panel dc meters descriptions and many short informative application notes available on-line as pdf files. Highly recommended!

 

Languages: gb Webmaster's choice
Webmaster's choice - Detailed specifications and description of Xantrex products available for download.

 

Languages: gb

 

Languages: gb it

Precision current sense resistors - commercial links

 

Languages: gb

 

Languages: de gb

Solar radiation sensors and dataloggers

 

Languages: de

PV array monitoring/control instruments

 

Languages: de gb

 

Languages: it gb

 

Languages: de

Other interesting sites

Languages: gb

Literature and more information (electronics related links)

book Electronics World, February 2002, No.1790: Photovoltaic System Current-Sense Cirquit
www Linear Technology: LT1787/LT1787HV High Side Current Sense Amplifier.
www Linear Technology: LT1638/LT1639 1.2MHz, 0.4V/µs Over-The-Top™ Micropower Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Op Amps.
www Maxim: MAX471, MAX472 Precision, High-Side Current-Sense Amplifiers.
www Maxim: MAX138, MAX139, MAX140 3 1/2 Digit ADC with Reference, Charge Pump, and Direct LED Drivers.
pdf Intersil: AN9609.02 - Overcoming Common Mode Range Issues When Using Intersil Integrating Converters.