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Copyright
©Denis Lenardic 2001-2010 All Rights Reserved
Thursday
2nd Sep, 2010
21:45
This page was last time updated on
28th Jun, 2009
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Photovoltaic instrumentation
"If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it."
(Lord Kelvin)
Low cost VA meter for low voltage DC systems can be build by advanced hobbysts (Photo:
Denis Lenardic)
Where are you: Home > Photovoltaic > Photovoltaic instrumentation
Useful
additional PV system components are different measurement
instruments, such as V-meters, A-meters, Ah- or kWh-meters. They
could be produced as modules (V-, A- meters) or as standalone
instruments. The instruments for mounting standard 35 mm rail are
also available. Ah-counters could be used for battery monitoring.
This instrument helps us estimate how much battery capacity could
still be employed. Application of kWh-counters in grid connected
systems calculate how much electricity was produced by the
photovoltaic system and transferred to the public grid, and how much
electricity was transferred from the public grid to households.
Other topics:
Charge controllers >
Batteries
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Meters in photovoltaic systems
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A general recommendation for PV instrumentation design and application
include:
A
careful A-meter design is required for use in PV systems. In PV
systems large currents can occur, therefore, only suitable shunts
should be used.
Even
if a proper shunt is applied, you should consider a cooling
necessity.
Always
apply a suitable circuit breaker.
Always
apply a proper cable. Thin cable can cause unexpected loss or fire
in case of large currents.
Never
use cheap panel meters or other equipment, which is not intended for
application in DC/photovoltaic systems.
How
to build digital A-meter – some instructions
A
simple digital A-meter can be build by an advanced hobbyist. I have
provided some general information and design rules. Most of DVA
meters are based on ICL7106 or its low power derivates or successors.
This is most commonly applied cirquit for DVM applications.
However, there are some disadvantages to this circuit for application
in PV systems. Separate GND and IN-LO signals are required. In most
cases you cannot simply connect IN-LO and GND pin. Some precautions
should be taken and some special design techniques should be applied.
For details please see the links below. You can use any other
similar ADC, but MAX131/MAX138 are preferred due to some advantages, such as
low power consumption and included internal band-gap reference. The
circuit could be used for:
Photovoltaic
systems monitoring
Solar-powered
instrumentation
Battery-powered
instrumentation
Marine
instrumentation
Power
supplies monitoring
Energy
management systems
Portable
instrumentation
The
advantages of the circuit are:
Wide
supply voltage range from 3V to 30V; for low voltage power supply
low voltage OpAmps should be used, very low power supply current <1mA, wide
current sense range depending on a current shunt used, with
ICL7660 as voltage converter, single supply is adequate
Similarly a digital V-meter can be constructed.
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Meters for use in photovoltaic systems - commercial links
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Murata Power Solutions - C&D Technologies
has over 25 years of experiences in designing
and manufacturing digital panel meters. Today company is focusing on specific applications
of 2-wire meters, process monitors and ac or dc ammeters that are the easiest-
to-use, most affordable meters available.
Languages:
Webmaster's choice -
panel dc meters descriptions and many short informative application notes available on-line as pdf files. Highly recommended!
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Xantrex -
VA meters and batery bank monitors. Detailed description available in
accessories section.
Languages:
Webmaster's choice -
Detailed specifications and description of Xantrex products available for download.
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Bogart Engineering -
TriMetric battery monitor.
Languages:
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Helios Technology -
modules, charge regulators and various accessories (displays) for use in
low voltage DC systems (mobile and marine sollutions).
Languages:
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Precision current sense resistors - commercial links
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Caddock -
high performance film resistors. Current sense film resistor also available.
Languages:
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Isabellenhütte -
precision resistors and resistor networks. Current sense resistors also available.
Languages:
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Solar radiation sensors and dataloggers
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NES - Mess- und Meldesysteme -
Silizium-Solar-Einstrahlungssensoren.
Languages:
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PV array monitoring/control instruments
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PV Engineering -
The cutting-edge photovoltaic measuring devices (field tester) series PVPM allow the
measurement of the I-V-curve of the generator as well as the instant display of the peak
power (extrapolated to STC) and the internal serial resistance: two important values for
an immediate objective validation of the real state of the generator.
Languages:
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HT Italia -
offers proffesional photovoltaic testers for power quality analysis and testing on photovoltaic installations.
Languages:
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Solarc -
das MacSolar Messgerät wurde für Ingenieure, Architekten, Installateure und
Messtechniker entwickelt. Die gemessenen Größen Bestrahlungsstärke und Temperatur
dienen als Ausgangspunkt für die Simulation des Energieertrages von
Photovoltaik-Modulen. Um die hohe angegebene Genauigkeit zu erreichen, werden bei dieser
Simulation Installationsart und Qualität der Module mit eingerechnet.
Abmessungen und Design ermöglichen eine praxisgerechte Einhandbedienung.
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Other interesting sites
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Semiconductors HQ -
Everything Semiconductors, from Abb Semiconductors to Zetex Semiconductors.
Languages:
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